The Black Hole in the Dark Side Service or screenplay for Star Wars 9

Famous movie Star Wars is becoming boring, Rebels already 3 times have found a vulnerability in the Death Star and destroyed it. From the Dark Side, new things cannot be noticed as well. Every time just bigger Death Star, the same rays, that can destroy the whole planet. It is worth noting, that in episode 7 they went a little bit far and implemented multitasking, i.e. it is possible to destroy many planets at once :) But in general, it is already dull.

It is time to invent something new as for the rebels and Light Side and for Dark Side.

This technical screenplay is suggested: New Death Star is a shell around the star (Dyson sphere). By using all the energy, emitted by the star, Death Star creates the Black Hole. This Black Hole is created with initial momentum, towards to unwanted planet and of course at a safe distance for the Death Star itself.

When the Black Hole reaches the planet, it sucks the whole planet and everything on it.

Looks like a nice theory, but let's calculate technical possibility :).

How the Black Hole can be created

Just by intersecting very powerful light beams. If the density of energy will reach the required level, then according to Einstein formula E=mc² Black Hole can be created. If these light beams have the same direction or nonzero average momentum, then the Balck Hole will get this momentum and will move in the same direction as well, like shown in this picture.

Green lines — original light beams, red arrow — Black Hole moving direction.

Requirements for the Black Hole, which should be capable of swallowing up the whole planet

Simple calculation by Schwarzschild radius equation shows, that Black Hole with 1 mm diameter will have the mass around 5% of Earth mass. This Black Hole creates gravitation 200 times more than Earth in 100 km distance, which is enough to devour the whole Earth-size planet. Or at least there will be a several hundred kilometres hole through the planet, which will lead to planet destruction as a result of the influence it's own gravity.

If it is taken into account, that our Sun in the form of energy (by equation E=mc²) radiates 4 million tonnes per second, then to create this Black Hole all radiation from the Sun should be collected during 2.6 million years. Looks unrealistic even for Star Wars :). If another star bigger than Sun is taken, (for example Supergiant star), which radiates 100000 times more energy, then it is only 26 years. It is still too much, and something more sophisticated should be invented.

Black Hole with feeding up :)

If all radiation, which Supergiant star emits in 1 second will be focused in the sphere diameter 10^-12m, then small Black Hole will be created. This small Black Hole cannot absorb the whole planet because its gravity on 50 meters distance will be equals to Earth. But this Black Hole can be fed and grown up by using star matter. How to pump star matter Dark Side have learned in episode 7 :)

This is how process of planet sucking can look like :)

How can be noted at the end of the video, part of the planet survived and rebels could escape :)

It can be fixed by changing a little bit parameters of relative motion between Black Hole and the planet and it will be like this.

If planet and Black Hole does not move relative to each other, process will be like this

The whole overall process can look like this

Happy end for Rebels and Light Side

It seems, that rebels cannot do anything now, This Death Star does not have the reactor, nothing can be exploded, but destroy the whole star is too difficult for the rebels. Is there no way out for the Light Side and they will have to surrender?

But of course, there is always a way :)

1st, all Jedi can gather together (in episode 9 there can be many of them) and use force deflect Black Hole back to Death Star and it will be sucked by their own Black Hole. For example, like Kylo Ren stopped blaster bolt in episode 7.

2nd, they can cheat Dark Side and make some fake information leak about the location of rebels base, but instead of rebels base, there will be another real big Black Hole, which will change the trajectory of small Black Hole back and destroy Death Star.

3rd, because Supergiant star due to it's huge mass can collapse to Black Hole itself, then rebels can use it. For example, focus all star's radiation back inside the star. In this case, This can lead t the Gravitational collapse of Supergiant star, which will swallow up the Death Star after collapsing.

P.S. If you are George Lucas/Disney and it looks interesting for you, we can talk about copyright of this idea :)

P.P.S. This post is not absolutely precise from a scientific point of view, but I believe all numbers are correct. For planet and the Black Hole animation real Einstein differential equation from general relativity was solved. Simulation is based on this example.

How to see dinosaurs and mammoths with the black hole and telescope

Where there's a will there's a way.

Is it possible to see the real live dinosaurs and mammoths? Of course no, everyone will say. But after some thinking, it appears that there are some options :). With the current state of technology, it is almost unreachable, but theoretically possible.

So, how is possible to see the past? To achieve it, light from the Earth, which was bent by Black Hole to 180 degrees should be caught. Distance to the black hole in light years should be equal to the half number of years, which have to be seen in the past. For example, if it is necessary to see dinosaurs, 100 million years ago, then the distance to the black hole should be 50 million light years. Then, the light will reach the black hole in 50 million years and 50 million years it will travel back to the Earth. The total light signal delay will be 100 million years.

Ideally, it would be good to get a picture like this photo with elephants on Google Maps, but instead of elephants — mammoths or dinosaurs.

One of the possible light trajectories near the black hole is shown in this picture from Wikipedia (green and red lines are possible trajectories of the light beam near the black hole, shown as gray).

For example, photon can fly around the black hole like this, changing its trajectory for 180 degrees

Or even like this, bending for 220 degrees

The videos above was made with help of this demo of general relativity.

It looks like an interesting theory, but how it will be in practice? Let's try to answer these practical questions:

• Are there suitable Black Holes?
• What kind of telescope is needed to see dinosaurs with resolution, for example, 10 cm?

Suitable Black Holes

If this Wikipedia article "List of black holes" would be open, then a pair of suitable black holes can be found. One in the center of our Milky Way (Distance 26000 light years) Sagittarius A* and another one in the galaxy М60, another name Messier 60 and NGC 4649 (60 million light years). Sagittarius A* let us see mammoths and Neanderthals  — 52000 years ago, and М60 dinosaurs — 120 million years ago.

What kind of telescope is needed

Suitable black holes are found, it left only calculate and build an appropriate telescope. Every telescope has a limit for angular resolution, which is determined by a diameter of the objective (aperture). Precise calculation for the diameter of such objective, which allows seeing mammoth with 10 cm resolution from the distance 52000 light years, give the number 1.67*10¹² km (1670000000000 km) or 1.67 trillion kilometers. For dinosaurs with distance 120 million light years number is 2000 time bigger  — 3.85*10¹⁵ km (3850000000000000 km) or 3.85 thousand trillion kilometers. To imagine these numbers it is easier to compare them with Neptune orbit diameter. For mammoths, we need the telescope with aperture size 186 Neptune's orbits, for dinosaurs 428000 Neptune's orbits. It looks too much and absolutely unrealistic. But science is constantly developing. The latest research in quantum mechanics tells us, that it is possible to overcome diffraction limit for angular resolution for the telescope with the help of quantum entangled photons or quantum light amplifying like in the laser. There are some links about this topic:

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/apr/29/quantum-telescope-could-make-giant-mirrors-obsolete
https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/how-to-build-a-quantum-telescope-5f473cf5a4bc#.px6glqnha
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06928.pdf

So it seems to be quite possible that after 50-100 years with technology like this the picture of dinosaurs and mammoths will be available. And listen to the 50 years old radio broadcasting might be possible even now with modern radio telescopes, but it is a different story.

Other technical issues

Probably, while bending light by the black hole, image will be distorted a lot, like for example on this picture

smile line is an image distorted by gravitation.

Might be it can be restored by postprocessing, and maybe not. To solve this issue normal stars, like our Sun, can be used. For example, The Sun deflect the light approximately on 1 arc second. In order to deflect the light for 180 degrees, 648 thousand suns will be needed. In our Galaxy (Milky Way) there are 200—400 billion stars, which is quite enough for this task :)

UPDATE 1 (21.06.2018)

After additional calculations, it became clear that in our Galaxy (Milky Way) it is not possible to use normal stars (taking into consideration the average distance between stars, average star mass etc), because the round path of the light will be 2-5 times bigger, than our Galaxy (Milky Way). So, the black hole has to be used. Some other calculations showed, that with Hubble telescope we can see our Sun virtual image, created by the black hole. Sun image deflected by nearest black holes will be 21 apparent magnitude, when Hubble can see stars up to 31 magnitude. Details can be found in this article.

The Black Hole on the table

Abstract

There are many talks about the Black Holes appeared recently after announcement by LIGO Scientific Collaboration about "Detection of Gravitational Waves from Black Holes". I tried to make simple calculation to see if it is possible to create very tiny Black Hole on the table :).

Practical application

Is there any practical reason why we would like to have the Black Hole on the table? First of all it is fun to have something unusual :), but really it can be used for garbage disposal. Can you imagine, you throw some trash to the tiny object and it disappears immediately without using any space and without any traces. Very useful :)

Size and mass calculation

I would not be very greedy and ambitious and calculate just tiny Black Hole with diameter 0.1 mm. I will use Schwarzschild radius or gravitational radius formula for this calculations. This radius means if we compress anything to this radius, it will become Black Hole and nothing can escape from it, if it fall below this radius, even light. It is well known from this link, that for the Earth this radius equals 9.0 mm.

OK. Let's use this formula

and calculate mass for 0.1 mm Black Hole. It will be 3.37*10²² kg (33700000000000000000000 kg). It just 0.5% (1/200) of the Earth mass or 40% of the Moon mass. It is not very small mass and can lead to some small deviation in the Earth orbit and rotation. But let's make further calculations :)

How to get this amount of matter?

Of course we cannot simply collect this amount of substance and squeeze it. But what we can do? We can use famous Einstein formula E=mc². In other word if we will take a small metal sphere and will rotate it very quickly at some point it will become the Black Hole. What should be rotation speed and how much energy do we need? Simple calculation shows that rotation speed will be 6.5*10²⁷ (6500000000000000000000000000) rotation per second and we need 3*10³⁹ Joules (3000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Joules) of energy. 3*10³⁹ J of energy standard power plant with power 1000Mwatt will produce in 9.6*10²² years (96000000000000000000000 years). Rotation speed is such high, that edge of our metal sphere will be moving faster than speed of light. It is not possible and if we use Special Theory of Relativity we will get the speed which just 1.4*10^-53% less than speed of light and it corresponds to 9.55*10¹¹ rotations per second (955000000000). Any way such high speed is not possible, because any material will be broken by centrifugal force.

What will be the impact of this tiny Black Hole?

Though it looks impossible to create this kind of the Black Hole, let's assume that we have it. We need to understand how dangerous it could be. If we will stay 1 meter from this Black Hole the gravitational force will be 225 000 000 000 times (2.25*10¹¹) more than we have on the Earth surface. Definitely we cannot escape anyhow from it and we will be sucked inside it. Distance around 475 km gives as the same force as we have on the Earth surface. It is still to much to put in on the table. To be on the safe side I personally prefer not to come closer than 5000 km where this force will be 100 times less than on the Earth surface. Also we should not forget about Black Hole Evaporation. Our tiny 0.1mm Black Hole will be very stable and evaporates only in 10⁴⁴ years (100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 years).

What will happen if the Earth will collide with that Black Hole?

Basically this Black Hole will make a hole in the Earth with diameter 30 km (where gravity 1000 times higher than Earth) and will suck in everything inside this 30 km hole.

Safe Black Hole

If we want to create "safe" Black Hole, for example that in 10 cm it's gravity 100 times less than on the Earth surface, it should have diameter about 4.5*10^-20 m (0.000000000000000000045 m or 100000 times less than proton) and mass 15000000 kg (15000 tons). If we want to make it from energy standard 1000 MWatt power plant will need just 40 million years. It will be dangerous only in 1 mm distance, where gravity will be 100 times more than on the Earth. If we make a line of these Black Holes we can get a very nice weapon Blackholesaber. It will make a nice 1 mm hole in everything. But it will be difficult to have a saber battle like in Star Wars. 2 Black hole sabers will suck in each other and make a new bigger Black Hole. Only problem with such a small Black Hole will be evaporation. Because it is very small, it will evaporate completely in 3 days. In order to prevent it, we will need to feed it :) And it will eat very very much, around 50 kg per second. Another trouble it can bring, if we will not feed it, it will evaporates faster and faster and finally it will be a big explosion. For example if we will have 0.8 gram black hole it will evaporate extremely fast (1.4*10^-33 seconds or 0.0000000000000000000000000000000014 seconds), which will actually means explosion with 15 kilotons of TNT (like in Japan during WWII).

Conclusion

First of all, it is not possible to create even 0.1mm Black Hole with current technologies. It is a positive news :) But if somebody will make it, it will be not possible to keep it on the table. Most probably creator will be sucked in. Very small Black Holes around 1 kg can be used as weapon. 1kg Black Hole will be bursting immediately as 10 Megatons of TNT.